78th Fighter Group
78th Fighter Group
Personal pictures, stories and web "Links" submitted by 78th Fighter Group Veterans, Family and Friends.
2nd. Lt. Fred R. "Sam" Swauger, 82nd Fighter Squadron, 3-45 to 4-16-45
2nd. Lt. Fred R. "Sam" Swauger, 82nd Fighter Squadron, 3-45 to 4-16-45. Sam is standing in front of his assigned aircraft P-51D, MX-E, s/n 44-15495, which was lost when he crash landed during a mission on April 16, 1945. (Picture Source: Fred Swauger collection )
Sam Swauger was kind enough to share the following information with regards to his USAAF career and the events leading up to the mission of April 16, 1945 .
" Having finished my pilot training as an aviation cadet in July 1944 and commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the U.S. Army Air Corps, I was sent to Camp Springs, Maryland for further training as a P-47 Thunderbolt pilot. Part of our training was to guard Washington, D.C. The airport was so camouflaged that we would have to get a vector over Chesapeake Bay to locate a runway so we could land. From there I was assigned to a group located at Millville, New Jersey for further training in the P-47 in gunnery expertise and combat maneuvers. I had not been there long when out of sixty some pilots the base commander asked for 13 volunteers to fly night and day to complete their training, as they were needed over seas as replacements. I was part of that group of 13. I didn't volunteer, but they chose me anyway. In December, 1944 I was on a ship in a convoy, along with other pilots, nurses, medical personnel and 3,000 infantry troops headed for a destination unknown. Having been chased by submarines all over the Atlantic, we pulled into Leilarye, France where the Infantry troops were unloaded to rail cars. I found out later they had been rushed to the front and almost all were killed. They had very little training. From there in very stormy seas, we pulled into Southampton, England. Three of the convoy ships were torpedoed in that harbor by enemy subs. Some 30 days after leaving the U.S.A., we finally arrived at Glasgow, Scotland the first part of January, 1945. After being processed, three of us were assigned to the 78th Fighter Group located at Duxford, England. The 78th formerly flew the P-47, but now the fighter was the P-51, which I had never seen or flown. Our only training in the P-51 was to sit in the cockpit and familiarize ourselves with the instruments until we felt comfortable and then take it off. The primary mission of the 78th was to escort the bombers into Germany, protecting them from enemy aircraft. After the bombers reached their target and were safely on their way back to their bases, we would remain and strafe enemy air fields, trains, convoys, tanks - anything of the enemy that moved before returning to our base in Duxford. While escorting them to their targets, if any of the bombers were damaged by flak or enemy aircraft, but yet still able to fly, the flight leader of one of our flights of four would have one P-51 on each side of the bomber to escort the plane back to its base in England or to wherever it could land in friendly territory. We were known as their "Little Friends." I had this assignment once and I can't tell you how happy the pilots, bombardiers and gunners were to have us protect them. We flew close enough to see their faces.
It was my 18th flight into Germany on April 16, 1945. Our mission this day was to fly to the vicinity of Pilzen and Prague in search of air fields where the Germans had parked a number of their planes to hide them for lack of fuel to fly them and we were to destroy them, whether in the air or on the ground. The 78th Fighter Group that day destroyed 135 German planes. You will note in the Squadron minutes that they gave me credit for one victory. After reaching the area, the squadron broke into flights of four to search and destroy. Our flight had just strafed an airfield near "Marianbad." As I made my pass, I noticed an aircraft that had not been destroyed. I called on my radio to my Flight leader, Captain Hart, told him I had seen a plane we didn't get and that we should make another pass. He replied, "No, we've had enough. Let's get back to home base." This was the flight leader's last mission before returning to the U.S.A. (Our base was at Duxford, just outside of Cambridge, England). I replied that I was going down to get that plane and he said, "Go ahead. Get low. Get on the deck. They are shooting at us. We will rendezvous at 5,000 feet".
When I approached the city, I flew down the street at an altitude less than the height of some of the buildings to reach the airfield. My altitude was perhaps 50 feet. A bullet went through my canopy. The Plexiglas shattered and a piece hit my sunglasses, which broke them. While trying to remove my helmet and oxygen mask, so that I could take off the sunglasses and scrape the glass away from my eyes, I approached the airfield. There was a tall communication pole, possibly 250 to 300 feet in height, that was supported by guy wires. I pulled back on the stick and banked my P-51, but I hit the communication pole about l0 feet from the top. The pole broke off, smashing and tearing off my canopy and causing most of my instruments to become inoperable. The pole hit me on the head forcing pieces of the canopy into my scalp and forehead causing blood to run down my face and eyes, making it difficult to see. At the time I hit the pole, the plane was traveling at top speed -- approximately 450 mph. The propeller was so damaged that it would not pull the plane. One wing was partially separated from the fuselage by about 8 inches. The other wing tip was shattered and I was pulling about ten feet of pole as one of the guy wires attached to the pole was wrapped around the tail of my plane. I could only keep the plane flying right side up by cross-controlling. I didn't have enough altitude to bail out. I was flying over valleys and hillsides. To keep the plane in the air, I was flying at an attitude of a three point landing, so it was difficult to see ahead of the airplane. I was probably three hundred feet from the floor of the valley when the plane crash landed on the ground of a sloping hillside that had trees on it. I thought it would never stop hitting trees and demolishing more of the plane. The plane was also on fire before crash landing. There was gas on the floor of the cockpit. I was unable to get out of the plane easily, as I had my G suit hooked in and each time I tried to raise myself, the G suit connection pulled me back down. After a couple of tries, I had enough brains to disconnect it. We were always to destroy our gun sight - it automatically centered on another plane and you didn't have to lead the plane to shoot it down. My gun sight was smashed by the pole. I didn't have to destroy it. I pulled out my .45 revolver, put a shell in the chamber and got out of the plane. Not 100 feet away was an army soldier and an officer in a Jeep. The driver had his rifle pointed and me and said, "Hands up." My hands went up and the pistol flew out of my hands at the same time. I thought they might be Russians, so I waved my identity, at the same time asking, "Are you Ruskies?". We wore an American flag with writing in Russian so they would know we were not the enemy. They let me know very fast they were not Russians.
I was put in the front seat of the Jeep with the driver. The officer kept his gun on me. We drove a little ways and stopped. There were two or three civilians that had come up to the road -- I think they were farmers. We stopped and they talked with my captors. They started hitting me with the handles of their pitch forks. The officer could not control them, so we drove off. We stopped at a city. The people gathered around. I was left in the Jeep with the driver. The officer went to what I believe was their headquarters. Somebody got a rope and they were going to hang me. The officer, along with others, came out with rifles and told the crowd to disperse. The officer and driver drove me out of the town to save me from hanging. Other events that I experienced was being interrogated at several German headquarters and being stripped of my clothes, which were given back to me, but not my flight jacket, watch, ring or wallet. However, I was finally put in a dungeon, moved to a hospital in Tirschenreuth, Bavaria The Germans treated me very well and I demanded it as an officer. They respected rank. The hospital was full of wounded German soldiers. I was put in a private room with two other German officers. The doctor at the hospital spoke perfect English. He had graduated from our Harvard Medical School. In fact the S.S. officer in charge of the area that I was in tried to put me with a group of other prisoners who were going through the town, but the doctor would not let me go advising the S.S. officer that I was too ill to travel.
After being liberated by the 90th Recon of the 3rd Army, I made my way back to Paris by bicycle, motorcycle, jeeps and airplanes. I arrived finally in Paris and was back under the good old 8th Air Force who in turn put me up in a hotel and arranged my trip back to England. Because I was a repatriated Prisoner of War, I was shipped back to the U.S.A. I was slated to train in jets and head for the Pacific Theater at the time the war with Japan ended".
( Source: Capt. Fred R. "Sam" Swauger, US Air Force Reserve, Retired, A02063890, written 8/29/97 )
The Germans thought Lt. Swauger was sent to deliberately destroy the communications antenna , which later he discovered was the Wermacht's main antenna for that entire region. By destroying the antenna, he unwittingly assisted the 16th Armored Division of Patton's 3rd Army to liberate Pilzen. Today, portions of Sam Swauger's plane and other personal memorabilia are housed in the Krvaska museum near Prague in the Czech Republic, where he is considered to be part of their history and a hero.
Years after the events of April 16, 1945, Sam received a presentation scale model of his P-51D aircraft from the Czech Republic as a continued recognition of his war effort. A home accident caused substantial damage to the model. During the October, 2000, 78th Fighter Group Association reunion, Sam and his wife Lori met modeler Larry Grapentine of the Pheonix Chapter IPMS( International Plastic Modeling Society ). This IPMS Chapter provided a scale model display for the Association at the reunion. To make a long story short, Larry offered to repair Sam's valuable momento. See the results of his efforts( before and after ) on this web site in the "General Interest" section.
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78th Fighter Group gun camera frames taken on the April 16, 1945 mission. Lt. Richard E. Phaneuf(left) firing on a Ju52 transport; Lt. Francis E. Harrington(right) registering hits on another Ju52 ( Picture Source: "Duxford Diary", East Anglian Aviation Society, reprint, 1975 )
The mission of April 16, 1945 was very effective. 135 German aircraft were confirmed destroyed by the 78th Fighter Group, a benchmark for the 8th Air Force Fighter Command. There were three losses that day, one of which was Lt. Swauger. This seven hour, forty minute marathon mission won the Group another Distinguished Unit Citation(DUC). More information regarding the events of the day and the text of the DUC can be found in the 78th Fighter Group Association's July, 2000 "Checkerboard" Newsletter.
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